A subset of peers that has a complete copy of a file. Seeds no longer download; they only upload.

AKA Seed Phrase, Mnemonic Phrase. A multi-word phrase (For example, something like “correct-horse-staple-battery…”) which allows a user to recover a lost private key or recover a private key in the case of a forgotten password. This phrase maps directly to the key; no password or connection to the cloud is required if a user (or…

Any computer running a BitTorrent client to which other clients can connect and transfer data. Most peers have only part of the target file. As each peer downloads a new piece of a file, it can then upload the piece to other peers.

An infohash is a unique “fingerprint” of data. It is used to prove the validity of a file and to locate other peers in a swarm.

A future iteration of web technology in which all computers both request and provide services; in other words, services are distributed, not localized. The decentralized web is an application of the principles of peer-to-peer networking to websites and web applications. The decentralized web has five components of services: computation, file storage, external data, monetization, and…

A unit of accounting that is used to represent the digital balance of an asset. Represents a particular fungible and tradable asset or a utility that is often found on a blockchain. The ownership of a token is evidenced through cryptographic mechanisms. Tokens are the fuel of a network, used to reward stakeholders for network…

A type of distributed, decentralized public ledger comprised of a sequence of blocks (digital information) stored in a chain (database). Three types of digital information are stored in each block: transaction information, transaction participation information, and information that uniquely identifies the block.